MERLIN
| (Merlyn, Myrddin, Merlinus Ambrosius) | British/Celtic |
Merlin the Magician is concerned about the fate of
his people. First their land had been invaded by Romans, who brought
with them the Roman Christian Church, and then by Germanic tribes, such
as the Saxons, who sought to seize the land. The Celts need someone
to unify them, so the Magician first helps Uther Pendragon, who fought
under the banner of the red dragon, to attain the beautiful Igraine,
Duchess of Cornwall. When Uther’s head is turned by power, Merlin
comes for their son, Arthur. He takes Arthur to train him in the old
ways, so that he learns to love the land, respect the spirits of the
forests and lakes, and honor the people. He develops his perception
and wisdom, his Sight.
The Magician still communes with the spirits, and asks the Lady of the
Lake, Vivianne, to give up Excalibur, a sword which confers authority.
She does so. Taking the sword to London, he magically inserts it into
a huge stone, and places a sign, which reads, “Whosoever pulleth
out this sword shall be the rightful King of the Britons”.
Naturally many knights and lords try with all their might to extract
the sword, to no avail, and so they begin to bicker among themselves
as to who should be king. “Why don’t you have a tournament?”
Merlin suggests, knowing that it would bring contenders from all over
Britain, including Arthur who is then staying with Sir Ector and his
family.
The tournament is held on Christmas Day, putting everyone in a festive
mood. Jousting and sword fighting, as well as feasting and drinking,
fill the day. Arthur, who has come to London with his adopted family,
while walking across the square, sees a peculiar sight: a sword stuck
into a boulder. Approaching it from the back, not seeing the sign, he
reaches over and pulls it out, as easily as a knife in butter, and the
replaces it. A passing page witnesses this and runs off to tell others.
Soon the square is filled with lords and knights, scoffing at the idea
that the young lad known as Arthur could have done such a thing. Merlin
intervenes, saying, “Come Arthur, show everyone what you did.”
Again, just as easily, he pulls out the sword. The crowd gasps, and
then one by one, the lords and knights bow down to the blond young man.
“This is Arthur, son of the Pendragon!” Merlin declares.
“He is the rightful King of Briton!”
Merlin commands the respect of the people, as well as that of Arthur.
As counselor to the king, Merlin has the highest hopes for the unification
of his people. Indeed, for a time, Camelot becomes a shining kingdom
of justice, honor, and prosperity.
((( )))
Though the Arthurian legends are usually placed in
a medieval setting, it is most likely that the king that unified the
Britons lived in the fifth or sixth century. The Romans had abandoned
the British Isles, leaving them open to invasion by Germanic tribes.
There probably was a Rex Artorius (King Arthur) who responded to the
crisis of his people. While our images of Camelot involve silks and
shiny armor, most likely rough-woven woolens and Roman legion uniforms
are more appropriate, much in the way that we today understand the story
of star-crossed lovers by watching West Side Story taking place in modern
Manhattan instead of Romeo and Juliet in medieval Italy.
While King Arthur was probably a real person, was Merlin? Miraculous
stories of him span millennia, saying that he used a magical horn to
transport huge stones from Ireland to erect Stonehenge (theoretically
built in 2500 BCE), that he aided the Welsh king, Uther Pendragon (mid-400’s
CE?), and was advisor to King Arthur, the latter characters based on
Geoffrey of Monmouth’s History of the Kings of Britain, written
in the 12th century.
Merlin could well have been a Druid, a priest trained in the shamanic
arts, holder of the Celtic oral tradition (a training that took 20 years
to memorize the verses), a shapeshifter, and a prophet. He could communicate
with the Celtic gods and goddesses, who were embodied in the elemental
forces of Nature. One story says that he was the last druidic high priest,
advisor to the last pagan king of Scotland, who organized the resistance
first to the Romans, and then to the new Christian kings of Britain.
As pagan warriors, they painted themselves for battle (the Romans thus
called them “Picts”), and practiced guerilla tactics, always
taking cover in the forests they knew so well. According to the story,
when the last pagan king was killed in battle, along with Merlin’s
brothers, the Druid went mad with grief and retreated into the woods,
where he could live close to Nature. People sought him out as a wise
poet and soothsayer.
Accordingly, Merlin never died. He simply drew back from the world.
Some say he fell into a deathless sleep and slumbers still, either in
a crystal castle or a hawthorn tree, and that he will return as the
spiritual leader of the British people when they are ready to recognize
him again.
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NIMUE
| (Viviane, Eviene, Nineve, Niniane,Lady of
the Lake) |
British/Celtic |
Nimue is an attractive enchantress, who knows all
too well how to use her feminine wiles. When Merlin the Magician first
meets her in an enchanted forest, she is only 16, with her beauty in
full bloom. Finding her irresistible, he falls in love with her.
“Travel with me, my love,” Merlin pleads with her. “I
will take you to Cornwall, and across the channel to Brittany.”
“Traveling our isles is fine, but I want to know the fairy realms,
the spirit world . . . I will sleep with you, Merlin, only if you teach
me your spells and how to conjure. Teach me the arts of magic,”
she bargains.
Merlin consents, and the lovely Nimue becomes his constant companion.
Years pass. Nimue’s powers increase, until she feels confidant
of herself as a sorceress.
Merlin has grown old, and in order to be rid of him, his lover entices
him into her fairy-wood, Broceliande. There she has conjured a crystal
cave, under a hawthorn tree. Round and round she encircles him with
her veil, all the while weaving her spell, until he falls into a deep
sleep. Some say that he sleeps there still, and sometimes you can hear
him whispering in the rustling of the hawthorn leaves.
Another story calls her Vivianne, or the Lady of the Lake. As a water
spirit, she lives in the lake, guarding the sword Excalibur. When King
Uther Pendragon is about to die, Merlin knows that the lords of the
kingdoms of Britain will clash over who should rule, and his protégé,
Arthur is just coming of age.
At water’s edge, he calls the water nymph. “Lady of the
Lake! Now is the time to come to Britain’s aid! Please relinquish
Excalibur!”
Suddenly there is a stirring in the water, and with shimmering light
and much splashing, she emerges, holding high Excalibur. “Remember,
Merlin,” she tells him, “that this sword can only be used
in a just cause.”
“Arthur is the king to unify all the tribes of Britain, and the
warrior to fend off the Saxons,” he explains. “I have trained
him myself. He will honor both Celt and Christian alike. He will rule
wisely.”
Floating across the water, the Lady of the Lake hands the magical weapon
to Merlin, and then disappears into the watery depths.
((( )))
In legend there is much confusion in references to
the Lady of the Lake, Nimue, and Vivianne. Stories use them interchangeably,
resulting in a rather confusing picture of the women. It is likely that
it is from the Morrigan, the Celtic triple goddess, that the conflicting
myths spring. Their names, therefore, give clues as to their identities.
Vivianne is the creative aspect, whose name means “She Who Lives”.
Nimue, possibly related to the Greek Nemesis and Diana of the Groves
(nimidae), means “Fate”. Morgaine, or Morgan le Fay, represents
the Crone figure, “Mother Death”; her name affirming that
all of our fates is death.
The final scene of the myth has a dying King Arthur in a boat heading
across a misty lake to the Fortunate Isles of Avalon. He is being ferried
there by three women, three fairy queens, or three pagan priestesses.
Morgaine, Vivianne, and Nimue are all portrayed as witches or evil sorceresses
in the Arthurian legends. In the patriarchal refashioning of Divine
Feminine archetypal characters, the Triple Goddess is dismembered, her
death-dealing or fate-enforcing qualities personified as evil. Since
they originated in pagan religion, the strong women/goddesses of the
story are subjugated according to Christian dogma, which asserts that
all women, by virtue of being “daughters of Eve” will bring
about man’s downfall. By the Middle Ages, the stories of King
Arthur, Camelot, and the Knights of the Round Table, entrench most of
the feminine characters as villains.
§§ To further contemplate the Triple Goddess, see: "The Trinity"
....
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Excerpted
from The Pillow Book of
Venus and Her Lover - Reinventing the Myth by
Becca Tzigany and James Bertrand
©
2004 Copyrighted material
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